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Steam and Sweat: Sauna Traditions From Across the World

Sputnik

According to historians, even Ancient Romans had a cult of bathhouse. They not only washed there — the bathhouse was a place to socialize, sing, have feasts, paint and read poetry. There also were special massage rooms, as well as gyms and libraries.

In a traditional Russian banya (a wooden construction to get a good sweat), temperatures often reach 100 °C (212 °F). To protect the head from this intense heat, people typically wear special felt hats. High temperatures are said to ease aches and pains, support healing and boost the mood, while hitting and massaging the body with bunches of dried birch, oak or eucalyptus leaves improves blood circulation and skin health.

Saunas, which originated in Finland, were common all over Europe during the Middle Ages. In comparison to banyas, which have wet steam, the air in saunas is dry. For the best experience, after sweating out for some 20 minutes it is also recommended to hop out of the sauna into a fresh snowbank or an icy lake.

Traditional Mexican steam baths, called temazcals, were designed to facilitate spiritual cleansing. As visitors of these dome-styled sweat lodges rid their bodies of toxins and reconnect with nature, a shaman adds aromatherapy extracts into the water poured over a pile of searing volcanic rocks.

The Hammam, public bathing places that evolved from Roman bathhouses, requires nudity, so men and women bathe separately.

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A person enters a sauna on the peak of Mount Lagazuoi in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, on January 16, 2018.
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Women bathe during a European Sauna marathon in Estonian Winter Capita in Otepaa, Estonia, on February 6, 2016. This international sauna marathon is considered to be the world’s biggest one and has been held for years in this Estonian town, with about 600 participants in 150 teams competing in the event.
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A woman relaxes in a banya at the Krasnaya Polyana ski resort in Sochi, Krasnodar Region, Russia, on January 4, 2010.
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A man comes out of the ice banya in Baikalsk, Irkutsk Region, Russia, on March 13, 2013.
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People take part in the European Sauna Marathon in Otepaeae, southern Estonia, on February 10, 2013. Participants of the marathon need to visit as many saunas as possible in the shortest amount of time, as well as dip in ice holes and take part in various challenges along the way.
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Men go for a dip in an ice-hole of the Velikaya river after the banya in the town of Ostrov, Pskov Region, Russia, on January 13, 2013.
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People take a plunge in icy water after a sauna session on January 15, 2017 in Vaasa, Finland, as air temperature is -17°C and water is +1°C.
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Members of a tempering and winter swimming club during their “banya” session on the Ob River in Novosibirsk, Russia, on February 9, 2013.
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An aerial view shows men mooring their floating sauna on the bank of the Yenisei River outside Krasnoyarsk, Russia, on December 25, 2017.
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A cold banya procedure during Maslenitsa celebrations in Yekaterinburg's Kharitonovsky Park, Russia, on March 13, 2016
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A member of an ice swimming club near the banya on the shore of Lake Dolgoe in Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia, on November 3, 2013.
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Girls run out of a sauna room through the snow in the Sierra Nevada mountains at Sorenson's Resort in Hope Valley, California, US, on January 5, 2008.
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