What Do Researchers Hunt for in Antarctic Neutrinos? - 08.05.2018, Sputnik International

Each year, scientists launch balloons with high-tech equipment from the McMurdo Station for this purpose. Physicists from the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI are conducting the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment to search for ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos together with the NASA Astrobiology Institute at the University of Hawaii.

This photo story was prepared with the support of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, a participant in the 5-100 Russian Academic Excellence Project.

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There are no radio-emission sources in the Antarctic, and this allows scientists to find traces of neutrinos penetrating the thick ice layers. For this purpose, physicists use powerful radio antennas that resemble ordinary radio telescopes in terms of their operation.

Above: Diagram showing the ANITA detector’s principle of operation

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The entire Antarctic surface acts as a natural neutrino detector that can function without a break.

Above: A view of the Erebus volcano

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Physicists study natural and cosmic phenomena using high-precision ANITA antennas.

Above: ANITA antenna assembled inside a hangar.

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An ANITA antenna is a formidable array of radio transceivers about seven meters high and weighing about one metric ton. The balloon hoists the antenna to an altitude of 37 kilometers where it registers ultra-high-energy neutrinos.

Above: Assembled ANITA antenna.

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Unlike space satellites, modern balloons can be launched many times, making it possible to cut the research costs.

Above: A balloon launches the ANITA antenna.

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The balloon makes it possible to see virtually the entire continent and to record events taking place hundreds of kilometers away from it.

Above: Launching an ANITA-IV antenna on a “summer” night in the Antarctic.

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Scientists conduct the entire research cycle in the polar region boasting the severest weather conditions.

Above: View of the research camp.

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Scientists return to the McMurdo Station, the largest community and research center in the Antarctic, after work.

Above: The McMurdo Station as seen from Observation Hill.

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The Antarctic research program was launched 100 years ago. Next to the McMurdo Station stands the shack of Robert Scott, who co-discovered the southernmost and coldest continent on Earth. Built in 1902, it survives to this day.

Above: A lamp-oil box inside Scott’s shack.

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Scientists, researchers and geologists from 12 countries are so far the only people coming to the Antarctic in order to study the continent and to unlock the mysteries of the universe.

Above: Alexander Novikov, a research associate of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, stands near the flags of Russia and New Zealand, which are involved in Antarctic research projects.