After six months of zero progress, the United States and its allies will convene in Vienna later in the day for a fresh round talks with Iran over its nuclear programme.
In 2018, Washington left the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), a 2015 deal under which Tehran accepted restrictions on its nuclear programme in exchange for the lifting of western sanctions.
Under the Biden administration, the US has resumed discussions with Iran but so far they have not borne any fruit.
Breakthrough Expected?
Meanwhile, Israeli reports, citing British intelligence sources, claim that the Islamic Republic has made significant progress "in its quest for an atomic bomb", suggesting Tehran is only one month away from achieving that goal.
A handout picture provided by the Iranian presidential office on April 10, 2021, shows a grab of a videoconference screen of an enginere inside Iran's Natanz uranium enrichment plant, shown during a ceremony headed by the country's president on Iran's National Nuclear Technology Day, in the capital Tehran
© AFP 2023 / Iranian Presidency
Dr Raz Zimmt, a research fellow at Israel's Institute for National Security Studies and one of the nation's leading experts on Iran, says the Vienna negotiations are "unlikely" to lead to any breakthrough.
"The negotiations are going to be used [by the Iranians] to show their hardline position. It will also be an opportunity for them to indicate that the path they will be taking will be different from that that was adopted by the previous Iranian administration".
The new president of the Islamic Republic, Ebrahim Raisi, has already stated that he has no plans to retreat in nuclear talks with the major powers. And the US and its allies are now frightened that the negotiations might be used by Iran to buy time, something that world leaders cannot accept.
All Options on the Table
Israel is also following the developments with great concern. In the past, Israeli officials stressed that a nuclear bomb in the hands of Iran would pose an existential threat to the Jewish state, allegations that the Islamic Republic denied. And now, the fear is, says Zimmt, that the sanctions imposed on Tehran will be lifted, with the superpowers gaining nothing major in return.
To prevent that from happening Israel and the US have already started to ramp up their rhetoric.
Last week, in an interview with TIME magazine, US Central Command (CENTCOM) Commander General Kenneth McKenzie stated that Washington had prepared "a variety of plans" to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear bomb, including a military option.
Similar comments have also been made by a number of Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and Defence Minister Benny Gantz, who vowed to act against Iran if need be.
In this June 6, 2018 frame grab from Islamic Republic Iran Broadcasting, IRIB, state-run TV, three versions of domestically-built centrifuges are shown in a live TV program from Natanz, an Iranian uranium enrichment plant, in Iran
© AP Photo
But Zimmt says the recent Israeli and American threats were only designed to show "concern from the advancement the Iranians [have] made", and to convince the Iranians to curb their quest for a nuclear weapon.
"If Iran continues to work towards reaching a nuclear threshold, I cannot rule out that Israel will not be using a military option. But it won't happen anytime soon, and it won't occur as long as there are other alternatives such as economic and diplomatic pressure on the table".
Israeli officials are planning to apply that pressure in Europe. Foreign Minister Yair Lapid is currently visiting London and then will head to Paris, where he will try to convince leaders to go hard on Iran and its nuclear programme.
Zimmt, however, says he is doubtful Israel has a say vis-a-vis the Europeans.
"The Europeans will try to push for going back to the JCPOA agreement. If that doesn't work, they might become more inclined to listen to Israel and cooperate with it. But that will only happen if they fail to convince the Iranians through diplomatic means".