Somalia's Al-Shabaab's Bloodiest Deeds

Al-Shabaab* (officially named Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen, meaning "Movement of Striving Youth" in Arabic) began its operations in 2006 in response to the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia. Since then, the Salafi jihadist group has become the Somali government's main opponent in the country's civil war – and one of the world's most notorious terrorist organizations.

After the group came under pressure in the early 2010s, losing previously seized territories, al-Shabaab embraced a strategy of terror and in 2012 pledged allegiance to Al-Qaeda*.

The name al-Shabaab is associated with numerous attacks in Somalia as well as abroad. In this article, Sputnik recounts the five deadliest ones.

On July 11, 2010, two suicide bombings occurred in the capital of Uganda, targeting crowds that were watching a screening of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the acts, which left at least 74 people dead and 85 injured.

This was the movement's first attack outside Somalia, carried out in retaliation against Uganda's support for the peacekeeping African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM).

A truck with explosives was driven into the gate of the ministerial complex of the Transitional Federal Government on October 4, 2011. At least 100 people were left dead and more than 110 injured as a result of the attack. Al-Shabaab announced that it carried out the bombing in order to kill government officials, African Union troops, and "other informers who were in the compound," but in fact, most of the victims were students and their parents concentrated around the Ministry of Higher Education, awaiting news about scholarships to study in Sudan and Turkey.

Having become a transnational terrorist threat, al-Shabaab carried out multiple attacks in Kenya in 2011-2014, leading to the issuance of travel warnings to Western citizens by their governments, affecting Kenya's tourism sector.

On April 1, 2015 Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta slammed the UK and Australia for their travel warnings. A day later, four al-Shabaab gunmen took over 700 students at Garissa University College hostage in the town of Garissa, northeastern Kenya. The attackers were reported to have set Muslims free, while killing Christians. A total of at least 148 people were killed and 79 injured, making the terror attack the second deadliest in Kenya's history.

The deadliest terror attack in the history of Somalia and second deadliest terrorist attack in African history occurred when two truck bombs exploded in the country's capital on October 14, 2017, killing at least 587 people and leaving 316 others injured. Most of the casualties were caused by one of the trucks blowing up near the Safari Hotel in the Hodan district of the city.

No organization claimed responsibility for the bombings, but according to Somali intelligence, an al-Shabaab cell was behind it, with the Mogadishu airport compound – where the UN offices, most embassies, and the headquarters of AMISOM were located – being the initial target.

In May 2022, a new Somali government was elected. Several months later, after another terror attack, the country's President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud announced an "all-out war" on al-Shabaab.

On October 29, at least 121 people were killed and over 300 injured in the deadliest attack in Somalia since the October 14, 2017 bombings – taking place at the same junction. Two truck bombs hit the country's Education Ministry, a school, and, reportedly, an ambulance coming to transport casualties from the first explosion.

Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the act.

On Sunday, November 27, 2022 al-Shabaab militants attacked the Villa Rose hotel in Mogadishu, reportedly causing at least four deaths in the latest terror act by the group. The hotel, which is situated a few blocks from the presidential office, is a popular rendezvous for government officials.