Called the BepiColombo mission, the satellites are a joint effort by the European Space Agency (ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to unlock Mercury's secrets.
The mission's third gravity-assisted flyby of the planet produced an impressive set of images, according to an ESA press release. There will be a total of six such flybys, with the newly released images taken from just 236 kilometers above the planet's surface.
The monochromatic images unveiled by the agencies reveal a number of intriguing features, including the newly christened crater for Jamaican artist Edna Manley. This crater, which spans a colossal 218 kilometers across, has caught the attention of scientists due to the presence of "dark low-reflectance material." Researchers speculate that this intriguing substance may be remnants of Mercury's ancient carbon-rich crust, according to the press release.
An annotated image showing the features photographed by BepiColombo.
In addition, the basin of the crater has been submerged in smooth lava, which scientists believe is evidence of the planet's long history of volcanic activity.
To further explore this intriguing site, BepiColombo will continue to monitor the crater from orbit, studying the area's carbon composition and potentially revealing valuable information about the minerals hidden within.
Two other images taken closer to the planet reveal one of Mercury's most remarkable geological thrust systems. Known as a "lobate scarp," this tectonic feature is characterized by a wrinkled appearance that is thought to be the result of the planet's cooling and shrinking over time. In addition, various parts of this region have been inundated with volcanic lava.
Valentina Galluzzi, a young researcher at the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), expressed her enthusiasm:
"This is an incredible region for studying Mercury's tectonic history," she said during a public relations event unveiling the photos.
Galluzzi went on to say that the intricate interplay between these escarpments provides valuable insights into the planet's cooling process, which causes the surface crust to slide and form a series of intriguing features that will be studied in more detail once BepiColombo enters orbit.
Researchers have announced that another Mercury flyby is planned for September 2024, marking another milestone in the ongoing mission.