The bottle, which has a label reading Curare, was kept in a safe before being stolen from there in the early hours of Wednesday, the outlet said.
The police had started an investigation to find the poison, and the authorities warned anyone who found the bottle to not touch it, the media outlet added.
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Curare was used by indigenous peoples of South America during hunting. The poison was subsequently brought to Europe. In the Netherlands, the substance is used as a muscle relaxant during euthanasia, according to the newspaper.