According to the Infobae news portal, the court demanded on Saturday that the president and the foreign ministry explain their decision to order the diplomats out.
The ruling came after a lawmaker from the Workers' Party filed an appeal against the government’s order.
The diplomats were initially supposed to leave the country on 2 May.
At the start of March, the Brazilian government ordered the withdrawal of all its consular personnel from Venezuela. At the same time, Venezuelan consular staff were given an order to leave Brazil, following a deterioration in bilateral relations between the two countries.