The layers of volcanic material that shrouded the ancient Italian coastal town of Pompeii after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 have miraculously preserved extensive evidence of the ancient Italians and their lifestyles, offering a tantalising glimpse into the sexual mores of those times.
The ruins at Pompeii were first discovered late in the 16th century by architect Domenico Fontana, according to History Today, yet it was only after excavations at Pompeii in the 18th century that more was revealed about the ancient Italians than archaeologists had possibly bargained for.
Anyone visiting Pompeii has seen the drawings of phalluses and lewd graffiti dating 2,000 years.
Penises are found not roughly drawn or carved onto public walls, but even built into the roads as well.
Historians have since suggested that the phallic symbols pointed foreign sailors - intoxicated or unable to speak the local language - towards the nearest brothel.
Paintings of varied sexual acts and oversized phallus’ can be seen decorating the walls of public spaces like bathhouses, and everyday household objects in Pompeii.
The murals of the town also depict erotic and exotic women, who worked on its streets and served clients in the brothels or buildings that likely served as brothels in an empire where prostitution was legal.
The surviving ‘purpose-built’ two-story Roman brothel located between the forum of Pompeii and its main North-South business district was first excavated in 1862. The renovated lupanar - which in Latin meant “brothel” or “wolf den” - reopened to the public in 2006, with its lewd graffiti and service charges narrating a story of the realities of human trafficking.
It was enslaved men and women that most often staffed ancient brothels, according to historians.
The brothel rooms that lined the narrow corridor of the lupanar were small and purposefully uncomfortable, often with stone beds, possibly so that visitors would not fall asleep once the time they had paid for was up. Above each doorway were erotic frescoes showing lovers in a variety of sexual positions.
Some of the sexually explicit objects discovered during excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum were off-limits for over a century, hidden in a “secret cabinet” at the National Archaeological Museum in Naples. In 2000 these exhibits finally went on display to the general public.
One of the most notorious ones is a statue of the God Pan engaging in sexual intercourse with a nanny goat. Some historians have suggested the image of the goat was supposed to be perceived in a humorous rather than erotic way.
Furthermore, there are bizarre, phallic-shaped lamps. The small terracotta men sported detailed “appendages” that could be lit at the end. Metal phalluses with wings, like one discovered in an ancient Pompeii bar, were suggested as being wind chimes, that could have been suspended from the ceiling.
Explicit graffiti found on the walls of Pompeii’s buildings sheds light on the different types of sex for sale, prices, clients’ assessments of certain women and even some sexual advice in a town whose prosperity and steady stream of merchants most likely ensured a strong market for sex.