The trial of two retired police officers and a solicitor accused of perverting the course of justice in a bid to cover up for police failings during the Hillsborough disaster has collapsed.
A judge at Preston Crown Court ruled there was no case to answer.
Retired South Yorkshire Police officers Donald Denton, 83, and Alan Foster, 74, and the force's former solicitor Peter Metcalf, 71, have all been freed.
The trio were accused of doctoring statements and including false information in a bid to minimise South Yorkshire Police's responsibility for the 1989 disaster.
Mr Justice William Davis accepted defence lawyers' submissions that the statements in question had been prepared for a public inquiry - chaired by Lord Taylor in 1990 - which was not a “court of law” and therefore they could not be convicted of perverting the court of justice.
In November 2019 retired Superintendent David Duckenfield - who was the match commander for South Yorkshire Police - was acquitted of the manslaughter by negligence of 95 Liverpool football fans.
The outcome of the latest trial means that nobody has been convicted of any offences as a result of the Hillsborough disaster.
The three men had been on trial at a Nightingale Court in Salford, near Manchester, for more than a month.
The trial heard a number of incriminating statements were removed or doctored.
The jury heard one officer on duty at Hillsborough, PC Philip Hooson, said in his original statement: "I cannot recall at any time any senior officer taking command of the situation or organising anything.”
But that sentence was removed from his statement which was submitted to the inquiry.
At the conclusion of his ruling Mr Justice Davis said he was concerned about the "anxiety and distress" being felt by the families of those affected by the Hillsborough disaster.
He added: "I know the strength of feeling there was after (Mr Duckenfield's) acquittal. I am aware that these proceedings also have been observed with interest. However, whatever the anxiety and distress, I have to determine whether there is evidence to support the particular criminal offence with which these defendants have been charged. In concluding that there is not, that is all I do."
But Crown Prosecution Service issued a statement in which they said: "After long and incredibly careful consideration, especially for the families involved, we decided not to appeal the ruling. The CPS was right to bring this case and for a court to hear the evidence of what happened in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster."
Sue Hemming, director of legal services at the CPS said: "What has been heard here in this court will have been surprising to many. That a publicly funded authority can lawfully withhold information from a public inquiry charged with finding out why 96 people died at a football match, in order to ensure that it never happened again - or that a solicitor can advise such a withholding, without sanction of any sort, may be a matter which should be subject to scrutiny."