During the Holocaust of World War II, the Nazi German forces exterminated nearly 12 million people, 6 million of whom were Jews, with the others being from variously minority groups including Roma, Slavs, LGBTQ people, and disabled people. Before the Nazi defeat in 1945 ended the massacres, nearly two-thirds of European Jewry had been annihilated, and many of the survivors fled from Europe in the aftermath, going especially to the Palestine territory that in 1948 would become Israel.
The perpetrators of the 1972 Munich massacre, a group called Black September, were a split from Fatah - Abbas’ party - who set out to get revenge for the expulsion of Palestinian refugees from Jordan in 1970, assassinating Jordanian Prime Minister Yasfi Tal the following year. They were also linked to numerous other incidents, and after the Munich massacre, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir ordered the Mossad to hunt down and destroy Black September in what was termed “Operation Wrath of God.”