Using the infrared spectrum of light, which is invisible to the human eye and emitted by heat transfer, the space telescope was able to capture images of features on and around Uranus rarely seen.
In fact, the images released on Wednesday is a much higher-resolution photo from the same set as that released in April, which had just two colors.
“The JWST gives us the ability to look at both Uranus and Neptune in a completely new way because we have never had a telescope of this size that looks in the infrared,” Naomi Rowe-Gurney, a postdoctoral research scientist and solar system ambassador for the Webb space telescope at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, told US media.
“The infrared can show us new depths and features that are difficult to see from the ground with the atmosphere in the way and invisible to telescopes that look in visible light like Hubble,” she added.
Uranus and Neptune, the two outermost planets that were unknown to the premodern world, are cold “ice giants” similar to the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, but containing more ices and organic elements like oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Because of their extreme distance, they have rarely been studied directly, with the unmanned Voyager 2 probe making humankind’s first close-up visit to both worlds in 1986 and 1989, respectively.
Voyager 2’s cameras snapped highly illustrative photos of the two worlds in the visible spectrum, but subsequent studies by telescopes on Earth and in Earth orbit, like the JWST and Hubble, have revealed further hidden details.
One such discovery made in 2007 was the Zeta ring, a faint inner ring that is easily visible in the JWST photos.
Still, Uranus has polar ice caps, which are visible at the center of the planet in the photo. Uranus takes 84 Earth years to orbit the sun, and is approaching its next solstice in 2028, meaning the icy poles are getting more sun than usual. Meanwhile, the far side of the planet is in the middle of a 21-year-long winter.
NASA has planned a specialized spacecraft mission to Uranus, which the US space agency hopes to launch by 2030, seeing the bizarre world as “an exoplanet in our own solar system.” However, the crowdsourced naming effort hasn’t gone so well.