German Gref said Russia-Ukraine trade currently hovers at about $28 billion, but has far greater potential.
"Normal economic growth [of both countries] and a normal trade regime will help us to increase trade by at least 50%, and double it in the long term," Gref said.
Gref said his talks with his Ukrainian colleagues considered a wide range of trade issues.
"Both sides signaled willingness to provide liberalization of the trade regime, avoid the limitations that emerged in the past few years, establish favorable conditions and give early warnings on possible trade limitations between the countries," he said.
Gref said Moscow and Kiev had shared information about domestic reforms and macroeconomic indicators.
"We discussed what we could borrow from each other's experience," Gref said.