Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Glushko signed the document during the 115th session of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.
The ministry said the agreement was "the first counter-terrorism convention wholly aimed at preventing terrorist acts" and covered relevant measures in the spheres of education, culture, media, non-governmental organizations and civil society.
"As a matter of fact, the convention has opened an important front of international anti-terrorist cooperation, joint efforts and initiatives for states to counter terrorist ideology and propaganda," the ministry said.
Russia "is convinced that the convention has great potential and is undoubtedly useful for Russia's interests," the ministry said, adding that it should be executed as soon as possible.
The convention is open to be signed by the member states of the Council of Europe.