The operation was conducted on August 7-11 in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
"The operation aimed to prevent international terrorists, weapons, ammunition, drugs and illegal migrants from crossing the border from Afghanistan," said Gen. Sharof Faizullayev, deputy head of the Tajik border guard committee.
He said Tajik border guards had clashed four times with Afghan smugglers, killing two and wounding five of them.
"But those who were left alive will not make it far," Faizullayev said, adding that the search for them was continuing.
He also said the operation would proceed because of reports about possible drug smuggling from Afghanistan, the world's no.1 opium producer, to Tajikistan.
Faizullayev said the political situation in northern Afghanistan had deteriorated.
"The Afghan government has virtually lost control over the situation in the region," he said.