Igor Ivanov and Ali Larijani's talks are part of "regular consultations through the security councils of Russia and Iran," the statement said.
During Ivanov's last visit to the Islamic Republic on May 27-28, the sides focused on the international dispute over Iran's nuclear program.
The European Union's foreign policy chief, Javier Solana, recently held talks with Larijani in an attempt to persuade Tehran to accept a package of incentives offered by countries mediating the issue and to suspend uranium enrichment, but no deal has yet been reached. Some countries suspect Iran of pursuing a covert weapons program, but Tehran has consistently denied the allegation, saying it needs nuclear energy for electricity.
Iran failed to meet the UN Security Council's August 31 deadline for suspending nuclear activities, and the United States has pressed for sanctions against the country. However, Russia and China, which hold vetoes on the Council, both oppose the use of sanctions.