He had also visited Israel, the West Bank, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia.
Bush held about four hours of discussions with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, addressing among other things the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the situation on the border between Egypt and Gaza.
The U.S. president said: "I've had a great trip. I've been impressed by the warmth and the energy of the people I have met. It's a dynamic part of the world that is seeing significant changes. I wish my fellow citizens would be able to come and see firsthand the vibrancy and excitement in the Middle East."
Arab media have portrayed Bush's Middle East tour as an attempt to isolate Iran in the region.
In an earlier interview with ABC News, Bush said he was concerned about his policies being misunderstood in the Arab world.
"My image [is] 'Bush wants to fight Muslims.' And, yes, I'm concerned about it. Not because of me, personally. I'm concerned because I want most people to understand the great generosity and compassion of Americans," he said.
"I'm sure people view me as a warmonger and I view myself as peacemaker."
Bush said he hopes to change that image by engaging in dialogue with the Arab world and letting "the results speak for themselves."
Bush has said he is confident the Israelis and Palestinians will sign a peace deal before he leaves office.
After meeting with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas on Monday, he said: "In order for there to be lasting peace, President Abbas and [Israeli] Prime Minister Olmert have to come together and make tough choices. And I'm convinced they will. And I believe it's possible - not only possible, I believe it's going to happen - that there be a signed peace treaty by the time I leave office (in January 2009). That's what I believe."
