China sees the autonomous island's plans to hold a referendum on March 22 as a step toward declaring formal independence.
"The course Taiwan's authorities have taken toward a referendum could seriously threaten stability in the Taiwan Strait," the ministry said.
Taiwan, formally called the Republic of China, held the UN seat for China until 1971 when the seat was transferred to the Beijing-based government of the People's Republic of China.
Russia maintains that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory and the government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing the whole China.
"Russia firmly opposes Taiwan's membership in any international organizations that consist of sovereign states, firmly opposes Taiwan's so called membership in the United Nations in any name and firmly opposes 'Taiwan independence' activities in any form," the Xinhua news agency quoted Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Losyukov as saying.
He said Russia would continue to work along with China and the international community to prevent the risky activities of the Taiwan authority.
On September 30, 2007, Taiwan's ruling Democratic Progressive Party approved a resolution asserting separate identity from China and called for the enactment of a new constitution for a "normal country."
