The document relates to constitutional neutrality, nonalignment with military blocs and a course toward European integration, and was supported by 58 lawmakers out of 101.
The document sets out the main threats to national security, including mass emigration, environmental degradation, corruption, as well as conflict with the breakaway republic of Transdnestr.
Andrei Stratan, Moldova's deputy prime minister and foreign and European integration minister, said the new document had been drawn up as domestic and international changes have rendered the previous security principles, adopted in 1995, outdated.
The document outlines principles for cooperation with the ex-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States countries, and states that Moldova does not aim to become a member of NATO.