Russia’s Chibis (Peewit) microsatellite, which studies gamma-radiation generated by lightning in the atmosphere, was put into orbit from the International Space Station (ISS).
It separated from the Progress M-13M space freighter at 23:18 GMT on Tuesday.
The microsatellite weighs about 40 kilograms and carries some 12 kilograms of scientific equipment.
The microsatellite, developed at the Institute of Space Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was delivered to the ISS on November 2, 2011.