Court President Peter Tomka, reading out the decision passed by 17 judges, said Croatia failed to prove Serbia's intention to exterminate the Croatian population during the 1991-1995 Yugoslav war. The claim was rejected by 15 votes to two.
Serbia's counterclaim against Croatia was rejected by the court unanimously.
In 1999, the Croatian government accused Serbia of genocide in the town of Vukovar and other locations after Croatia broke away from Yugoslavia in 1991.
In 2010, Serbia replied by filing a countersuit over Croatia'expulsion of more than 200,000 ethnic Serbs.
In 1991, Croatia wanted to secede from Yugoslavia to become an independent state, while many ethnic Serbs opposed the split and spoke in favor of Yugoslavia's unity.
The conflict surrounding Croatia's struggle for independence is estimated to have claimed the lives of some 20,000 people.
