"The era of the [EU] dictate has ended," Renzi said.
He also called for help to "maintain the idea of a strong Italy," which did not seek EU guidelines but carried its "ideas and values to Europe."
In late October, Renzi announced that Rome could veto the EU budget for the following year if the EU countries did not implement earlier decisions on migrant quotas.
Europe has been trying to cope with a massive refugee crisis, with hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants fleeing crisis-torn countries in the Middle East and North Africa, including from Syria, to escape violence and poverty.
The quota system has not been unanimously welcomed by EU members and faced criticism from several EU states primarily from the eastern part of the bloc, such as Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, who have opposed its mandatory nature.