"A thorough investigation of what happened should be conducted in accordance with the law," Medvedev said at a meeting of the ruling United Russia party's parliamentary faction.
"No representative of authority, including ministers, deputies, governors or all other state officials, has immunity if a corruption-related crime has been committed," he said.
"In other words, everyone, including top officials, may be brought to criminal account for such deeds. Of course, if their guilt has been established by a court verdict that has taken legal effect," Medvedev said.
Russia's Investigative Committee said early on Tuesday that Ulyukayev was caught in the act when taking a $2 million bribe for a positive appraisal that allowed Russian energy company Rosneft to buy the state's shares of Bashneft oil company.