Lopetegui was replaced by Spain's sporting director Fernando Hierro after agreeing to take charge of managerless Real Madrid after the World Cup without notifying the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) that he was in talks with the club.
According to the poll, 73 percent of the respondents thought Lopetegui's actions led to Sunday's penalty shootout defeat by Russia that sent the 2010 champions crashing out of the World Cup, while less than three percent blamed Hierro for the team's early exit from the tournament.
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Almost 7,000 people took part in the poll as of Monday.
The 2018 FIFA World Cup kicked off on June 14 and will continue until July 15, with the matches being played in 11 cities across Russia.
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