The man, a 24-year-old IT student, was arrested on Sunday in Paris, Bernard Cazeneuve said. The man was known to security services since he had attempted to leave for Syria to join one of extremist groups fighting the government.
The suspect apparently shot himself by accident and called for an ambulance, according to French media.
“On Sunday morning, in the 13th district of Paris, police found in the car and at home of a person injured by a bullet an arsenal of weapons, handguns, ammunition, bulletproof vests as well as computer hardware and telephony,” Cazeneuve said.
The man is also suspected of murdering a Parisian woman, according to local media.
In January, Islamic extremists killed a total of 17 people in a string of attacks in Paris. Two shooters staged a massacre in the Charlie Hebdo satirical magazine's office, and another one killed several hostages in a kosher food shop.
France has since toughened security measures and conducted a number of anti-terror raids across the country.